ALTEX :: Alternatives to Animal Experiments

1998, SUPPLEMENT

Animal Welfare Aspects of Registration and Testing of Immunologicals

CONTENTS :: MAIN ARTICLES

AGAATI/ECVAM Workshop on the Validation of Alternative Methods for the Potency Testing of Vaccines
Marlies Halder, Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen, and Jean-Marc Spieser

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation: the Sophisticated Process of Validation
Michael Schwanig

Development and Evaluation of a Pyrogen Test Based on Human Whole Blood
Thomas Hartung, Stefan Fennrich, Matthias Fischer, Thomas Montag-Lessing, and Albrecht Wendel

First Results in the Prevalidation of the Human Whole Blood Assay for Pyrogens in Biological Pharmaceuticals
Matthias Fischer, Katja Hartzsch, Thomas Hartung, and Thomas Montag-Lessing

A New Test for the Detection of Pyrogens in Pharmaceutical Products: Examinations for the Validation of the Human Whole Blood Assay
Markus Weigandt, Peter Lexa, and Hans-Guenther Sonntag

Development of a Pyrogen Test Based on Rabbit Blood
Thomas Hartung, Reto Cramer, and Albrecht Wendel

Development of an Alternative Method to the Monkey Neurovirulence Test for Oral Poliovirus Vaccines
Artur Kaul, Micha Nuebling, Martina Kempfer, Ivo Schmidt, and Johannes Loewer

Alternative for the Neurovirulence Test (NVT) in Primates for Safety Testing of Poliomyelitis Attenuated Life Virus Vaccine (Sabin): In Vitro Test Maprec
Volker Doersam, Andreas Schmeel, Konstantin Chumakov and Mathias R. Fibi

Alternative for the Neurovirulence Test (NVT) in Primates for Safety Testing of Poliomyelitis Attenuated Life Virus Vaccine (Sabin): NVT in Transgenic Mice
Andreas Schmeel and Mathias R. Fibi

Use of In Vitro Correlates for Selection of Candidate Immunosuppressive Antibodies Prior to a Primate Transplant Model
Miriam A. Ossevoort, Maria C. Noort, Almuth Radzikowski, Yvon Van Der Hout, Katrien Lorré, Peter De Waele, and Margreet Jonker

Potency Testing of Anti-Lymphocyte Globulins: In Vitro Alternatives for the Monkey Skin-Graft Assay
Christoph Conrad, Dieter Kabelitz, and Gabriele Schaeffner

Optimization and Establishing of Serological Methods for the Potency Testing of Immunoglobulins Against Clostridium Tetani-Toxin
Elvira Ebert, Annett Abu Karim, Tanja Kayser, Renate Wenig, Karin Weisser, Maria Wirz, Giulio Pisani, Gabriele Schaeffner, and Klaus Cussler

Pertussis Serological Potency Test as an Alternative to the Intracerebral Mouse Protection Test: Development, Evaluation, and Validation
Arno Van Der Ark, Ineke Van Straaten-Van de Kappelle, and Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen

Characteristics of Toxoplasma-Gondii-Tachyzoites from Different Culture Systems
Harald Klein, Martina Anduleit, Monika Bornhak, Matthias Fischer, Uwe Gross, Bettina Loeschner, Sven Nicol, Ingrid Reiter-Orwona, Nadja Zyto, and Thomas Montag-Lessing

Humane Endpoints as a Replacement for the Estimation of Lethality Rates in the Potency Testing of Rabies Vaccines
Klaus Cussler, David Morton, and Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen

Detection of Extraneous Virus in Live Vaccines
Beate Kraemer, Petra Ruebmann, Karin Duchow, and Klaus Cussler

How to Prove Complete Virus Inactivation in Rabies Vaccines: a Comparison of an In Vivo to an In Vitro Method
Stephanie A. E. Blum, Manuela Braunschweiger, Beate Kraemer, Petra Ruebmann, Karin Duchow, and Klaus Cussler

Avian Encephalomyelitis of Poultry: Contribution on the Reduction of Animals During Vaccine Testing
Anja Langhardt, Laura Frank, Brigitte Kuechler, and Carmen Jungbaeck

Detection of Clostridium Novyi Type B Alpha Toxin Using Cell Culture Systems
Erika Borrmann and Frank Schulze

Development of a Cytotoxin Inhibition Test for the Detection of Serum Antibodies against the a-Toxin of Clostridium Septicum
Katja Jansen, Frauke Roth, and Soeren Petzke

Development and Prevalidation of Alternative Methods for the Potency Testing of Clostridium Perfringens Vaccines
Elvira Ebert, Volker Oeppling, Esther Werner, and Klaus Cussler

Development of an In Vitro Assay for the Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins--Preliminary Results
Frank Gessler, Susanne Behrens, Petra Loch, and Helge Boehnel

The Establishment of Endotoxin Limits which Satisfy Animal Welfare Considerations in the Testing of Porcine Vaccines
Marion Wegener, Lukas Bruckner, and Klaus Cussler

Cytokine Release after Administration of Endotoxin Containing Vaccines
Martina Ecker and Guenter Mueller

Evaluation of the Relevance of the Target Animal Safety Test for the Quality Control of Veterinary Immunological Medicinal Products
Angela Poessnecker and Klaus Cussler

Testing Fish Vaccines with an In Vitro Lymphocyte Blastogenesis Assay
Ralf Peter Pund, Katrin Nold, and Elke Henrion

Development of an ELISA-System for the Assessment of Furunculosis Vaccines
Ulrich Wagner, Dietlind Haedge, Ingolf Lachmann, and Karl Droessler

A Comparison of Commercially Available Adjuvants in Balb/C-Mice Immunised with a Weekly Immunogenic Peptide
Christine Zwerger, Roland Plesker, Kyriakos Papadopulos, Klaus Cussler, and Joachim Hartinger

Influence of Route of Injection on Efficacy and Side Effects of Immunisation
P. P. A. Marlies Leenaars and Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen