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Alternative Methods in Toxicology

Volume 9 - In Vitro Toxicology: Tenth Anniversary Symposium of CAAT

Series Editor: ALAN M. GOLDBERG

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. | Publishers

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Contributing Authors

Part One: Symposium Presentations

• In Vitro Approaches to Neurotoxicity
  1. Cholinergic Cell Lines as Models for Testing Drug Efficacy and Toxicity
     J.K. Blusztajin, A. Venturini, D.A. Jackson, U. Schuler, H.J. Lee, and B.H. Wainer
  2. Electrophysiological Approaches to In Vitro Neurotoxicology
     J. van den Bercken, M. Oortgiessen, T. Leinders, and H.P.M. Vijverberg
  3. Development of an In Vitro Hippocampal Brain Slice Screen for Neurotoxicity
     S.B. Fountain and J.D. Rowan
  4. An In Vitro Model for Human Peripheral Nerve Demyelination
     J.L. Rutkowski and G.I. Tennekoon
• Mechanisms of Dermatotoxicity
  1. In Vitro Models to Evaluate Agents that Contribute to Cutaneous Carcinogenesis
     S.H. Yuspa
  2. Photoimmunology
     S.E. Ullrich
  3. The Epidermal Response to Retinoic Acid in Cell Culture and In Vivo
     D.S. Rosenthal, C.E.M. Griffiths, J.J. Vorhees, and S.H. Yuspa
• Development of New Biological Components for Toxicity Testing Systems
  1. Immortalization of Cells
     H.C. Isom and J-M. Hu
  2. Steps in the Development of an In Vitro Nasal Toxic Responses Assay: Comparison of Carboxylesterase in Human and Rat Nasal Tissue
     P.M. Mattes and W.B. Mattes
  3. Development of a Characterized Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line
     L.C. Racusen and J.S. Rhim
• Draize Eye Testing Alternatives - A Perspective
  J.P. McCulley and T.J. Stephens
• A Ten-Year Progress Report of the Center
  1. Pride and Prejudice: Ten Years of CAAT - An Industry Perspective
     S.D. Gettings
  2. Alternatives in the 90s: What Next?
     H.Spira
  3. A Ten-Year Progress Report of The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing: A Governmental Perspective
     G.B. Guest
  4. A Report from the Center's Director
     A.M. Goldberg
• New Technologies
  1. Flow Cytometry - High Speed Approaches to Detecting Cellular Structure, Mechanism, and Function
     L.A. Sklar
  2. Calcium Measurements in the Assessment of In Vitro Toxicity
     B.F. Trump, P.T. Jain, P.C. Phelps, S.H. Chang, and I.K. Berezesky
• In Vitro Toxicology and Risk Assessment
  K. Krishnan, M.L. Gargas, and M.E. Andersen

Part 2: Poster Abstracts

• Dermal Toxicity
  1. Inflammatory Mediators from Reconstituted Human Skin Models Treated With Formulated Cosmetic Products
     W.E. Dressler, T.J. Stephens, H. Kasbarian, and E.T. Spence
  2. Expression of the Antigen Presenting Cell Molecule, B7 in Normal Human Skin
     A.A. Gaspari
  3. Use of Multiple Endpoints for Assessing Chemical Insult in an Organotypic Skin Culture
     R. Gay, M. Swiderek, A. Ernesti, D. Nelson, and A.M. Kligman
  4. An In Vitro Cytotoxicty Test on JB6 (clone 41) Mouse Epidermal Cells: A Potential Model for Prediction of In Vivo Toxicity
     P.T. Jain, I.K. Berezesky, and B.F. Trump
  5. Prediction of Eye Irritancy by a Combined Method of In Vivo Primary Rabbit Skin Irritation Test and In Vitro Cytotoxicty Test
     H. Kojima, A. Sato, S. Miyamoto, Y. Kawai, I. Ishii, and H. Konishi
  6. Evaluation of the Skin Irritation Potential of Petroleum Based Compounds in a Reconstituted Human Skin Model
     F.J. Koschier, R.N. Roth, T.J. Stephens, E.T. Spence, H. Kasbarian, and M.A. Duke
  7. Application of the Skintex System to the Evaluation of Cosmetic Products
     F.H. Kruszewski, M.S. Dickens, V.C. Gordon, and K.J. Renskers
  8. Potential Irritation by Dermatological Vehicles Assessed with In Vivo and In Vitro Tests
     S. Matsumoto, J. Cheng, R. Oda, S. Sabatine, C. Anger, O. Angelov, J. Andersen, D. Sullivan, B. Brar, G. Ewing, J. Trogden, and P. Lasker
  9. Interaction of Benzopsoralen with NCTC 2544, HELA, and HL60 Cells
     P.P. Parnigotto, M.T. Conconi, M. Moras, V. Bassani, and A. Chilin
  10. Evaluation of an In Vitro Photoirritation Assay
      R.J. Soto, J.S. Griesemer, V.C. Gordon, and J. Acevedo
  11. An In Vitro Skin Model for the Study of Keratinocyte Responses to Irritants
      S.R. Slivka, F. Zeigler, and R.K. Bartel
  12. Cytotoxicity Testing Using a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of the Human Dermis and Six Different Assay Systems
      D. Triglia, S.S. Braa, I. Kidd, and T. Donnelly
  13. A Three-Dimensional In Vitro Human Skin Model for Toxicity Testing of Topically Applied Test Materials
      D. Triglia, T. Donnelly, I. Kidd, and S.S. Braa
  14. Development of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Oral Mucosa Model
      M.P. Zimber, L. Odioso, F. Zeigler, M. Doyle, D. Triglia, and R. Bartel
• Genotoxicity
  1. Development and Application of Human Cell Lines Expressing Individual or Multiple Human Cytochrome P450s
     C.L. Crespi, B.W. Penman, R. Langenbach, H.V. Gelboin, D.T. Steimel, and F.J. Gonzalez
  2. The Assessment of a Micronuclei-Induction Assay to Evaluate the In Vitro Genotoxicity of Respirable Dusts
     D. Nadeau and D. Lane
• Hepatoxicity
  1. New Metoblite Profile of Tolbutamide in Male and Female Rats. A Study With Precision-Cut Liver Slices and Isolated Hepatocytes
     P. Dogterom and G. Zbinden
  2. In Vitro Culture of Fish Hepatocytes and Their Use to Assess Marine Pollution
     M. Faisal and B.J. Rutan
  3. Use of Histological and Biochemical Criteria for Assessing the Hepatocellular Alterations in Rat Liver Slices
     F. Goethals, V. Allaeys, E. Caillau, P. Buc-Calderon, and M. Roberfroid
  4. Cultured Human Hepatocytes - A Model for Drug Metabolism/Toxicity Studies
     G.M. Hawksworth, L. Abernethy, s. Barnard, J.A. Coundouris, M.H. Grant, C.K. Lindsay, and V. Maitland
  5. Liver Crude Membrane Fractions From Rat Liver Improve the Maintenance of Liver Specific Functions in Long Term, Serum Free Rat Hepatocyte Cultures
     B. Saad, H. Schawalder, and P. Maier
  6. The Enhanced Responsiveness of Hepatocytes to Growth Factors as a Result of Estrogen Treatment
     N. Ni and J.D. Yager
  7. Effect of Culture Conditions on the Maintenance of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Primary Rat Hepatocytes In Vitro
     J. Zurlo, L.M. Arterburn, E.E. Stickler, R.M. Barry, J.M. Frazier, and J.D. Yager
• Mechanisms
  1. Glutathione Depletion Increases the Cytotoxic Effect of Fumonisin In Vitro
     C. Azuka, G.D. Osweiler, D.L. Reynolds, M. Howard, and Y. Niyo
  2. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Hepatocytes During Hypoxia: An Early Cytoxic Event or an Adaptative Cellular Response?
     V. Lefebvre, M. Van Steenbrugge, I. Goffin, M. Roberfroid, and P. Buc-Calderon
  3. Toxicity of Formate in Dissociated Primary Neural Cultures
     D.C. Dorman, B. Bolon, and K.T. Morgan
  4. Mechanisms of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Hydroperoxide-Stimulated Toxicity and Changes in Gene Expression in Mouse Epidermal Cell Line PA
     K.Z. Guyton, L.J. Prestigiacomo, N.E. Davidson, and T.W. Kensler
  5. Regulation of Catalase Gene Expression by Copper
     P.J. Lapinskas and V. Culotta
  6. In Vitro Studies Examining the Role of Copper and Glutathione in Hydroquinone-Induced Cytotoxicity to Primary Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
     Y. Li and M.A. Trush
  7. Analysis of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Associated to the Respiratory Burst of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages (PAM) Exposed In Vitro to Man-Made Fibres (MMF)
     D. Nadeau and D. Lane
• Methods Development
  1. Evaluation of a Group of Petrochemicals Using Clonetics' Neutral Red Bioassay to Predict Irritancy
     R. Barstad, J. Janus, J. Lauten, N. Accomando, and A. Triana
  2. Evaluating Teratogen Exposure Utilizing hsp 27 cDNA
     N. Bournias-Vardiabasis, K. Hopkins, and B. Wang
  3. A Non-Invasive Biotest for Occupational Exposure to Weak or Non-Mutagenic Toxicants
     M.J.W. Chang, M.T. Chou, and R.S. Lin
  4. An In Vitro Model for Studying Cochlear Toxicity
     W.J. Clerici and L.D. Fechter
  5. An In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Albumin Binding of Toxicants
     J.M. Frazier and S. Dacosta
  6. Using Real-Time/Kinetic Viability Assays to Measure Acute Toxicity In Vitro
     J.F. Hamberger, J.S. Vaughan, and D.A. Porter
  7. In Vitro Differentiation Using Blastocyst-Derived Euploid Embryonal Stem (E8) Cells of the Mouse: A New Approach to In Vitro Tetratogenesis Testing
     G. Klein, A. Poting, and H. Speilmann
  8. A Novel Cytotoxicity Screening Assay Using a Multi-Well Fluorescence Scanner: Correlation With LDH Release and Draize Eye Scores
     A.L. Nieminen, P. Merrick, R.A. Harper, G.J. Gores, J.M. Bond, R. Imberti, B. Herman, and J.J. Lemasters
  9. An In Vitro Model for Investigating the Effects of Xenobiotics on the Differentiation of Monocytic Cells
     S.J. Rembish, R.W. Craig, and M.A. Trush
  10. Specific Application of In Vitro Technologies for Product Development
      P.M. Silber and C.E. Ruegg
  11. Human Bronchial Cell Culture System
      J. Stengel, J. Janus, J. Cortesi, M. Coleman, and J. Reseau
• Neurotoxicity
  1. Multicentre Initial Validation of a Tiered System for the In Vitro Detection of Neurotoxicity
     C.K. Atterwill
  2. Cytotoxic Effects of Organophosphorus Esters and Other Neurotoxic Chemicals on Cultured Cells
     A.C. Nostrandt, T.K. Rowles, and M. Ehrich
  3. Acrylamide Toxicity Studied in Culture Neuroblastoma Cells After Exposure to a Neurophathy-Inducing Organophosphorus Compound, MIPAFOX
     D. Taylor, T.K. Rowles, A.C. Nostrandt, and M. Ehrich
  4. A Multiple Cell-Culture Toxicity Test Scheme for the Identification of Neurotoxic Compounds
     E. Walum
  5. An In Vitro Model of Drug Neurotoxicity in the Developing Nervous System
     A.D. Weissman and B.L. Crenshaw
• Ocular Toxicity
  1. Evaluation of Two In Vitro Methods as Predictors of Ocular Irritation of Shampoo Formulations
     L. Bernhofer, C. Juneja, and C.W. Stott
  2. Surfactants Toxicity Determined In Vitro by Silicon Microphysiometer
     P. Catroux, A.C. Eber, P. Panfili, K.G. Dossou, A. Rougier, G. Humphries, and M. Cottin
  3. Evaluation of the Eytex System for Use as a Predictor of Ocular Irritancy of Shampoo
     D. Decker and R. Harper
  4. A 10-Company Collaborative Evaluation of Alternatives to the Eye Irritation Test Using Chemical Intermediates
     D.M. Galer, R. Curren, S.C. Gad, P. Gautheron, B. Leong, K. Miller, E. Sargent, P.V. Shah, J. Sina, and R.G. Sussman
  5. Characterization and Evaluation of an Ordered Macromolecular Matrix to be Used to Predict In Vivo Ocular Irritation
     V.C. Gordon
  6. Application of the Computer Automated Structure Evaluation for Toxicology (Case Tox) Methodology to the In Vitro Assessment of the Eye Irritation Potential of Chemicals, Chemical Mixtures, and Polymers
     G. Klopman, D. Ptchelintsev, M. Frierson, S. Pennisi, K. Renskers, and M. Dickenson
  7. Use of Four In Vitro Assays to Evaluate the Ocular Irritation Potential of Hair Care Products
     L.K. Lake, T.J. Stephens, and E.T. Spence
  8. An In Vitro Method to Formulate Low Adverse Effects Shampoos
     M. Marinovich, B. Viviani, and C.L. Galli
  9. The Trans-Epithelial Permeability Assay as an In Vitro Assay for Predicting Ocular Irritation of Surfactant Formulations
     K.M. Martin and C.W. Stott
  10. A Toxicity Evaluation by the Microtox Assay of Twenty Surfactant-Containing Products and Their Constituent Surfactants and Preservatives
      K.A. Miller, R.W. Stahl, F.S. Marchesani, J.W. Harbell, K.A. Wallace, F.H. Kruszewski, K.J. Renskers, and R.D. Curren
  11. Cytotoxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK) is Dependent on the Alkyl Chain Length of the Homologs
      R.M. Oda, A. Hayashi, S. Hickok, and S. Matsumoto
  12. Development of an In Vitro Assay for Ocular Irritancy Assessments of Aqueous Incompatible Substances
      R. Osborne, M.A. Perkins, D.A. Roberts, and L.H. Bruner
  13. The Chicken Enucleated-Eye-Test (CEET) as an Alternative to the Draize Eye Test
      M.K. Prinsen and H.B.W.M. Koeter
  14. The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation for Toxicology (Case Tox) Methodology as an In Vitro Assessment of the Eye Irritation Potential
      D. Ptchelintsev, M. Frierson, S. Pennisi, K. Renskers, M. Dickens, and G. Klopman
  15. The Use of a Three-Dimensional Skin Model for Predicting Ocular Irritancy
      B. Reece and M. Rozen
  16. Results of the German Validation Project of Alternatives to the Draize Eye Test
      H. Spielmann, M. Liebsch, I. Gerner, S. Kalweit, and T. Wirnsberger
  17. In Vitro Cell Culture Investigation of Fish Eye Lens Cataract
      C.D. Williams, R.J. Huggett, and M. Faisal
• Validation
  1. The Use of Normal Human Keratinocytes and the Neutral Red Uptake Bioassay to Assess the First 30 MEIC Compounds
     R.D. Curren, K.A. Wallace, J. Janus, and J.W. Harbell
  2. Preliminary Results of the MEIC Programmer - A Summary
     B. Ekwall and E. Walum
  3. IVT Databank Project Results: PC Software for Managing In Vitro Toxicity Testing Data
     M.R. Green and J.M. Frazier
  4. The Problem of Collinearity and the Validation of In Vitro Tests
     R.L. Lipnick