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The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique

W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch

Table of Contents

PART ONE: THE SCOPE OF HUMANE TECHNIQUE

FOREWORD TO SPECIAL EDITION

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

• Scope of the Study
• Integration in the Vertebrate Organism

CHAPTER 2: THE CONCEPT OF INHUMANITY

• Pain and Distress
• The Criteria for and Measurement of Distress

CHAPTER 3: THE ECOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

• Man and the Animal World
• Monitoring Animal Experimentation
• The L.A.B. Surveys of 1952
• The L.A.B. Data: A Further Analysis
• Results of the Analysis
• The Latest Developments

CHAPTER 4: THE SOURCES, INCIDENCE, AND REMOVAL OF INHUMANITY

• Direct and Contingent Inhumanity
• The Analysis of Direct Inhumanity
• The Diagnosis of Disease
• The Removal of Inhumanity: The Three R's
• Contingent Inhumanity and the Problem of Scale

PART TWO: THE PROGRESS OF HUMANE TECHNIQUE

CHAPTER 5: REPLACEMENT

• Comparative Substitution
• Modes of Absolute and Relative Replacement
• The Principles of Replacement
• The Uses of Tissue Culture
• The Uses of Microorganisms

CHAPTER 6: REDUCTION

• Reduction and Strategy in Research
• The Problem of Variance
• The Design and Analysis of Experiments
• The Sources of Physiological Variance
• The Control of the Phenotype
• The Control of the Proximate, especially Behavioral Environment

CHAPTER 7: REFINEMENT

• Neutral and Stressful Studies
• Generally Superimposed Procedures
• The Choice of Procedures
• The Choice of Species
• A Concrete Problem: Experimental Psychiatry and the Human Study of Fear

CHAPTER 8: THE FACTORS GOVERNING PROGRESS

• The Personality Factors
• The Sociological Factors
• Special Organizations
• Conclusions

TABLES

REFERENCES AND SOURCE INDEX

ADDENDUM