the global clearinghouse for information on alternatives to animal testing

Search Altweb

Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Alternatives & Animal Use in the Life Sciences

Tokyo, Japan ? March 31, 2008
Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (JSAAE)

All files are in PDF format and require Adobe Acrobat Reader.

• Cover
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• Author Index
• Professor W.M.S. Russell (1925?2006): Doyen of the Three Rs
  Michael Balls,
  ?? FRAME, Russell & Burch House, UK
• Three Rs in mutation research?From in vivo to in silico evaluation
  Makoto Hayashi
  ? National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• Exploring new approaches to assess safety without animal testing
  Julia Fentem, Paul Carmichael, Gavin Maxwell, Camilla Pease, Fiona Reynolds, Guy Warner and Carl Westmoreland
  ? Unilever?Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, UK
• Alternative research and practice supported by international veterinary professionals
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  ? International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine, USA
• The science of alternatives: 25 years and tomorrow
  Alan M. Goldberg
  ? The Johns Hopkins University, USA
• A UK example of balanced inquiry into the ethics of animal experimentation
  Baroness Perry of Southwark
  ? Nuffield Council on Bioethics Working Party and University of Surrey, UK
• Mission and accomplishments of ZEBET, the national centre for alternatives in Germany at the BfR (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment)
  Horst Spielmann, Barbara Grune, Manfred Liebsch Andrea Seiler and Richard Vogel
  ? National Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments, Germany
• Standards for the rearing environment of laboratory animals in the United States
  Kathryn Bayne
  ? AAALAC International, USA
• Standards of accommodation and care for animals used in scientific procedures in Europe
  David B. Anderson
  ? Animals (Scientific Procedures) Inspectorate, UK
• The standards of the rearing environment for laboratory animals in Japan
  Hiroo Hachisu
  ? Nihon University, Japan
• Animal rights in Islam
  Reza Gharebaghi¹, Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi², Hasan Ghasemi², Amir Dibaei³?and Fatemeh Heidary¹
  ? ¹Middle East Breast Cancer Institute, ²Shahed University, Medical School, ³Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• An investigation in the use of forage grains for laboratory rats
  Michael Rowntree
  ? Covance Laboratories Ltd., UK
• Collaboration between academia and industry with focus on improvement of the welfare of both animals and humans in laboratory animal facilities
  Jan Lund Ottesen¹, Lars Friis Mikkelsen¹, Thomas Bertelsen², Thomas Krohn³, Sten Velschow⁴, Jann Hau³, Henrik M?llegaard⁵, Nils Dragsted¹?and Axel Kornerup Hansen³
  ? ¹Novo Nordisk A/S, ²LEO Pharma, ³University of Copenhagen, ⁴?Lundbeck A/S, ⁵Scanbur A/S, Denmark
• A holistic approach to taking research animal suffering seriously
  Martin L. Stephens and Kathleen Conlee
  ? The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Fetal 'awareness' and 'pain': What precautions should be taken to safeguard fetal welfare during experiments?
  David James Mellor¹?, Tamara Johanna Diesch¹?, Alistair Jan Gunn²??and Laura Bennet²
  ?? ¹?Massey University, ²?University of Auckland, New Zealand
• The development of a national guideline to promote the wellbeing of animals used for scientific purposes
  Elizabeth Grant, David Adams, Steve Atkinson, Simon Bain, Mary Bate, Lynda Bonning, Wendy Fahy, Denise Noonan and Margaret Rose
  National Health & Medical Research Council, Australia
• Tramadol minimizes potential pain during post-oophorectomy in Wistar rats
  Maria Angelica Guzman-Silva, Carlos Eduardo Pollastri, Jose Augusto Soares Pantale?o, Ana Carolina Bergmann de Carvalho, Helene Nara Henriques, Natersia Rosa Camara, Juliana Tomaz Pacheco and Gilson Teles Boaventura
  ? Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
• Does distress matter?
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  ? Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academies, USA
• Innovative refinements to anaesthesia techniques can deliver pain research without pain
  Craig Brian Johnson¹?, Jo Murrell²?, Troy John Gibson¹??and David James Mellor¹
  ?? ¹?Massey University, ²?University of Bristol, New Zealand
• Why does carbon dioxide produce analgesia?
  Ken-ichi Otsuguro, Sumiko Yasutake, Yoshihiko Yamaji, Masaaki Ban, Toshio Ohta and Shigeo Ito
  ? Hokkaido University, Japan
• Implementation of permanent group housing for cynomolgus macaques on a large scale
  for regulatory toxicology studies
  Janet L. Kelly
  ? Covance Laboratories Ltd., UK
• Chimpanzees in research and testing worldwide: Overview, oversight and applicable laws
  Kathleen M. Conlee
  ? The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Chimpanzee experiments: Questionable contributions to biomedical progress
  Andrew Knight
  ? Animal Consultants International, UK
• Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor human utility
  Andrew Knight
  ? Animal Consultants International, UK
• Promoting consideration of the ethical aspects of animal use and implementation of the 3Rs
  Barney T. Reed and Maggy Jennings
  ? RSPCA, UK
• Effect of policy decisions on experimental animal use in the UK
  Derek J. Fry
  ? Animals Scientific Procedures Inspectorate, Home Office, UK
• Genetically modified animals in the biomedical sciences: The challenge of rapid advances & ethical demands
  Margaret Rose¹ , Elizabeth Grant² and David Adams^{2
  1} University of New South Wales, ² National Health & Medical Research Council, Australia
• Pain-free animals: An acceptable refinement?
  Renee M. Gardner and Alan M. Goldberg
  ? Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
• Facilitation of an international approach for data sharing and acquisition in relation to genetically-engineered animals
  Gilly Griffin and Cl?ment Gauthier
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• The institutional animal care committee: Keystone of international harmonization
  Cl?ment Gauthier
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• A review of trends in animal use in the United States (1972 ? 2006)
  Jodie Kulpa-Eddy¹?, Margaret Snyder²??and William Stokes¹
  ?? ¹?U.S. Department of Agriculture, ²?U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USA
• Does regulation drive, manage or monitor change?
  Jon Richmond
  ? Home Office, UK
• An analysis of reporting pain and distress recognition and alleviation in scientific journal publications
  Leah M. Gomez and Kathleen M. Conlee
  ? The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Japanese concept and government policy on animal welfare and animal experiments
  Katsuhiko Shoji
  ? Toyo University, Japan
• Guidelines for proper conduct of animal experiments by the Science Council of Japan
  Hideaki Karaki
  ? Science Council of Japan, Japan
• Research animals for scientific purposes in Thailand: Ethics & policies
  Pattamarat Kunjara and Pradon Chatikavanij
  ? The National Research Council of Thailand, Thailand
• Public participation in decisions relating to the use of animals for scientific purposes: A review of 20 years
  experience in Australia
  Margaret Rose, Lynette Chave and Peter Johnson
  ? University of New South Wales, Australia
• Public participation in informed decision-making on animal use in Canada
  Cl?ment Gauthier and Gilly Griffin
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• AALAS resources and programs supporting the 3 R?s and humane concepts in animal research
  Nicole E. Duffee and Ann T. Turner
  ? American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, USA
• Is it possible to meet the learning objectives of undergraduate pharmacology classes with non-animal models?
  David Dewhurst
  ? University of Edinburgh, UK
• Humane teaching methods prove efficacious within veterinary and other biomedical education
  Andrew Knight
  ? Animal Consultants International, UK
• Role of simulator in surgical blood pressure
  Nimgulkar Chetan Chandrakant, Patil Savita Dattatray and Surana Sanjay
  ? R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, India
• Outreach, alternatives awareness and replacement in Russia
  Elena Maroueva¹??and Nick Jukes²
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE-Russia & VITA, Russia,²??InterNICHE, Leicester, England, England
• Three Rs in the research and education system of Pakistan: Perspectives and possibilities
  Hafsa Zaneb and Christian Stanek
  ? Veterinary Medicine University, Austria
• A prototype software to sensitize medical undergraduate students to animal research methodology
  Ramasamy Raveendran
  ? Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, India
• A new model for developing computer-based alternatives to using animals in tertiary education
  David Dewhurst, Stewart Cromar and Rachel Ellaway
  ? University of Edinburgh, UK
• BioSafaris: A rationale for educational software on human biology and health in pre-college as an alternative to dissection
  Lynette A. Hart¹?, Mary W. Wood¹?, David Wiley²?, Bernd Hamann¹?, Marco Molinaro¹?, Stuart Meyers1, Frazier T. Stevenson¹??and William A. Storm³
  ?? ¹?University of California, Davis, ²?Stratovan Corporation, ³?Davis Joint Unified School District, Davis, USA
• From policy to practice: Illustrating the viability of full replacement
  Siri Martinsen¹??and Nick Jukes²
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE Norway, Norway, ²?InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK
• Education and training system in Japanese research laboratories in a global pharmaceutical company
  Makoto Suzuki
  ? Ina Research Inc., Japan
• Future alternatives in ?3Rs?: Learning from history
  Tohru Inoue and Yukio Kodama
  ? National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• The effect of the Middle East conflict on the use of animals in training, research and testing in Israel
  Tamir Lousky
  ? InterNICHE ? The International Network for Humane Education, Israel
• Ethically sourced animal cadavers and tissue: Considerations for education and training
  Siri Martinsen¹??and Nick Jukes²
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE Norway, Norway, ²?InterNICHE, Leicester, England, England
• Training the animal doctor: Caring as a clinical skill
  Siri Martinsen
  ? InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• Guidelines for the development of student choice policies regarding dissection in colleges and universities: An ethnographic analysis of faculty and student concerns
  Laura Ducceschi¹?, Lynette A. Hart²??and Nicole Green¹
  ?? ¹?Animalearn, ²?University of California, Davis, USA
• Facilitating replacement through access to and training in alternatives
  Monika Percic?¹?, Nick Jukes²??and Elena Maroueva³
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE Alternatives Loan System, Ljutomer, Slovenia, Slovenia, ²?InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, ³?InterNICHE Russia & VITA, Russia
• InterNICHE Humane Education Award: Assessing the international impact
  Nick Jukes¹??and Siri Martinsen²
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, ²?InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• E-Learning?A new tool for the education of young scientists in the humane treatment of experimental animals: A contribution to the 3R
  Nicole Steinberg¹?, Eckhard von Keutz²?, J?rgen Weis³?, Gerhard Heldmaier¹??and Cornelia Exner¹
  ?? ¹?University of Marburg, ²?Bayer HealthCare AG, Wuppertal-Aprath, ³IBF University of Heidelberg, Germany
• Three's a crowd: The 1R of replacement for education and training
  Nick Jukes¹??and Siri Martinsen²
  ?? ¹?InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, ²?InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• CAAT and Altweb: Making 3Rs information and resources available around the world
  Carol J. Howard
  ? The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), USA
• ANZCCART and our strategies for sharing information
  Geoffrey W. Dandie
  ? ANZCCART, Australia
• Selecting appropriate animal models and strains: Making the best use of research, information and outreach
  Mary W. Wood and Lynette A. Hart
  ? University of California, Davis, USA
• Refinement in the literature: Searching for environmental enrichment
  Kristina M. Adams
  ? Animal Welfare Information Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA
• Web 2.0 and alternatives
  Michael M. Hughes
  Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, USA
• Japanese regulation of laboratory animal care with 3Rs
  Tsutomu M. Kurosawa
  ? Osaka University Medical School, Japan
• Adopting alternative methods for regulatory testing in Canada
  Allison Guy, Cl?ment Gauthier and Gilly Griffin
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• Multimedia software for demonstrating animal experiments in pharmacology
  Chandragouda R. Patil
  ? R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, India
• U.S. perspective on the ?consideration of alternatives? regulatory requirement
  Jodie Kulpa-Eddy and Kristina Adams
  ? Animal Welfare Information Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA
• Update on the Colipa research programme for development of in vitro alternative methods
  for eye irritation
  Pauline McNamee¹, Lieve Declercq², Ann De Smedt³?, Bart De Wever⁴, Claudine Faller⁵?, John Harbell⁶, Penny Jones⁷, Monique Marrec-Fairley⁸, Wolfgang Pape⁹, Uwe Pfannenbecker⁹, Klaus Schroeder¹⁰?, Magalie Tailhardat¹¹, Christine Van den Berghe¹²??and Freddy Van Goethem³
  ?? ¹Procter & Gamble Company, UK, ²Estee-Lauder Companies, Belgium, ³Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Germany, ⁴Phenion, Switzerland, ⁵Procter & Gamble Cosmital, USA, ⁶Mary Kay Inc., UK, ⁷Unilever, Belgium, ⁸COLIPA, Germany, ⁹Beiersdorf, Germany, ¹⁰Henkel, France, ¹¹?LVMH, France, ¹²L?Oreal, Belgium
• The use of the reconstructed Human Corneal Model (HCE) to assess in vitro eye irritancy of chemicals
  Jos? Cotovio¹, Marie-H?l?ne Grandidier¹, Damien Leli?vre¹, Christelle Bremond³, Nicole Flamand¹, Sophie Loisel-Joubert², Aline Van Der Lee², Christophe Capallere³, Jean-Roch Meunier¹??and Jacques Leclaire¹
  ?? ¹L?Or?al Research, ²?L?Or?al Safety Evaluation, ³?SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• In vitro acute skin irritancy of chemicals using the validated EPISKIN model in a tiered strategy
  Results and performances with 184 cosmetic ingredients
  Jos? Cotovio¹, Marie-H?l?ne Grandidier¹, Damien Leli?vre¹, Roland Roguet¹, Estelle Tinois-Tessoneaud²?and Jacques Leclaire¹
  ?? ¹L?Or?al Research, ²SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• Comparison of human skin irritation and photo-irritation patch test data with cellular in vitro assays and animal in vivo data
  Dagmar Jirova¹, Manfred Liebsch², David Basketter³, Erin Spiller⁴, Kristina Kejlova¹, Hana Bendova¹, Marie Marriott⁵??and Helena Kandarova⁴
  ? ¹National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic,
  ? ²ZEBET, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany, ³St Thomas? Hospital, UK,
  ? ⁴MatTek Corporation, USA, ⁵Unilever Colworth Laboratory, UK
• BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assays for the assessment of chemical carcinogenicity
  Ayako Sakai
  ? National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• The COLIPA strategy for the development of in vitro alternatives: Skin sensitisation
  Pierre Aeby¹, Takao Ashikaga², Walter Diembeck³, Dietmar Eschrich⁴, Frank Gerberick⁵, Ian Kimber⁶,
  ? Monique Marrec-Fairley⁷, Gavin Maxwell⁸, Jean-Marc Ovigne⁹, Hitoshi Sakaguchi¹⁰, Magalie Tailhardat¹¹??and Silvia Teissier9
  ? ¹Procter & Gamble, Switzerland, ²Shiseido Research Centre, Japan, ³Beiersdorf, Germany, ⁴Phenion GMBH (Henkel), Germany, ⁵Procter & Gamble, USA,
  ? ⁶Syngenta, Central Toxicology Laboratory, UK, ⁷COLIPA, Belgium, ⁸Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, UK, ⁹L?Oreal Recherche, France,
  ? ¹⁰Kao Corporation, Japan, ¹¹LVMH Recherche, UK
• Application of a systems biology approach for skin allergy risk assessment
  Gavin Maxwell and Cameron MacKay
  ? Unilever?Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, UK
• The EPISKIN Phototoxicity Assay (EPA): Development of an in vitro tiered strategy to predict phototoxic potential
  Damien Leli?vre¹, Pascale Justine¹, Fran?ois Christiaens¹, Nicole Bonaventure¹, Julie Coutet¹,
  ? Laurent Marrot¹, Estelle Tinois-Tessonneaud²?and Jos? Cotovio¹
  ? ¹L?Or?al Research, ²SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of selected nanoparticles using human skin fibroblasts
  Fin Dechsakulthorn, Amanda Hayes, Shahnaz Bakand, Lucky Joeng and Chris Winder
  ? The University of New South Wales, Australia
• Genotoxicity assays with Episkin?, a reconstructed skin model: Towards new tools for in vitro risk assessment of dermally applied compounds?
  Gladys Ou?draogo¹, Michelle Feltes¹, Linda Bourouf¹, Nicole Flamand¹, Estelle Tinois-Tessoneaud²??and Jean-Roch Meunier¹
  ?? ¹L?Or?al Safety Research Department, ²SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• Percutaneous absorption test?A case of effectiveness evaluation of skin-whitening cosmetics
  Tooru Koike¹, Noriko Nakashima¹, Chinami Urata¹, Masaki Arashima¹, Hidenobu Okumura¹??and Akiyoshi Takada²
  ? ¹NOEVIR, Co. Ltd., ²Osaka University, Japan
• Monocyte derived dendritic cells as a tool to predict skin sensitization: Limitations and opportunities
  Dietmar Eschrich¹, Ursula Engels¹, Julia Scheel²??and Klausrudolf Schroeder¹
  ? ¹Phenion GmbH & Co.KG, ²Henkel KGaA, Corporate SHE and Product Safety/Human Safety Assessment, Germany
• Study on the prediction of human lip irritation from cosmetics materials using HeLa-MTT assay
  Miyuki Morinaga, Kenta Shingaki, Tatsumi Mori and Koji Yanagihara
  ? NOEVIR Co., Ltd., Japan
• Assessment of the in vitro skin irritation of chemicals using the Vitrolife-Skin? human skin model
  Noriyuki Morikawa, Tatsuya Kitagawa and Kenji Tomihata
  ? GUNZE Ltd., Japan
• Validation of alternative endpoints for the LLNA: General considerations
  Silvia Casati
  ? ECVAM, IHCP, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Italy
• Validation studies on an alternative endpoint for the local lymph node assay (LLNA-DA): Importance of study management
  Takashi Omori¹, Yoshiaki Ikarashi², Yukiko Kanazawa³, Kenji Idehara⁴, Hajime Kojima², Takashi Sozu⁵, Kazunori Arima⁶, Hirohiko Goto⁷, Tomohiko Hanada⁸, Taketo Inoda⁹, Tadashi Kosaka¹⁰, Eiji Maki¹¹, Takashi Morimoto¹², Shinsuke Shinoda¹³, Naoki Shinoda¹⁴, Masahiro Takeyoshi¹⁵, Masashi Tanaka¹⁶, Mamoru Uratani¹⁷, Masahito Usami¹⁸, Atsushi Yamanaka¹⁹, Tomofumi Yoneda²⁰, Isao Yoshimura²¹?and Atsuko Yuasa²²
  ? ¹Kyoto University, ²National Institute of Health Sciences, ³Food and Drug Safety Center, ⁴Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd., ⁵Osaka University, ⁶Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., ⁷Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., ⁸Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., ⁹Nakano Seiyaku Co. Ltd., ¹⁰Institute of Environmental Toxicology, ¹¹Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs and Pesticides,
  ? ¹²Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., ¹³Drug Safety Testing Center Co. Ltd., ¹⁴Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., ¹⁵Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute,
  ? ¹⁶Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., ¹⁷Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd., ¹⁸Hoyu Co. Ltd., ¹⁹Pias Corporation, ²⁰Toaeiyo Ltd., ²¹Tokyo University of Science, ²²Fuji Film Co. Ltd., Japan
• Alternative application route in the LLNA provides crucial environmental enrichment and broadens the usability of vehicles
  Ulla Festersen, Christine Rasmussen, Tanja M.R. Kjaer, Nanna K. Soni, Erwin L. Roggen and Ninna W. Berg
  ? Novozymes A/S, Denmark
• In vitro hepatotoxicity testing in the early phase of drug discovery
  Ikuo Horii and Hiroshi Yamada
  ? Pfizer Global Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Japan
• Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism and toxicity: Linking animal research and risk assessment in man
  Tetsuo Satoh
  ? Chiba University and HAB Research Institute, Japan
• Renal drug transporters and nephrotoxicity
  Naohiko Anzai¹ and Hitoshi Endou^1,2
  class="style2"¹Kyorin University School of Medicine, ²J-Pharma Co. Ltd., Japan
• Cisplatin-induced renal injury in LLC-PK1 cells
  Yoshiko Kawai¹ and Munekazu Gemba²
  class="style3"¹Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ²Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Japan
• Predictive in vitro cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity screening system using neonatal rat heart cells and rat hepatocytes
  Tomoaki Inoue, Kenji Tanaka, Masayuki Mishima and Kazuto Watanabe
  ? Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
• Toxicological and clinical computational analysis by the Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff of the US FDA/CDER
  Daniel R. Benz, Edwin J. Matthews, Naomi L. Kruhlak, Anna A. Frid, Barbara L. Minnier and Joseph F. Contrera
  ? US Food and Drug Administration, USA
• Evaluation of (Q)SAR models for the prediction of mutagenicity potential
  Stephanie Ringeissen, Reine Note, Catherine Dochez, Nicole Flamand, Gladys Ouedraogo-Arras and Jean-Roch Meunier
  ? L'Or?al Recherche, France
• Internationally harmonized processes for test method evaluation, validation and regulatory acceptance:
  The role of OECD guidance document 34
  Leonard M. Schechtman
  ? Innovative Toxicology Consulting, LLC, USA
• JaCVAM: An organization supporting the validation and peer review of new alternatives to animal testing
  Hajime Kojima
  ? National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• A new signaling pathway of dioxin receptor ligands through targeted protein degradation
  Shigeaki Kato¹, Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama²??and Fumiaki Ohtake
  ? ¹ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, ²University of Tokyo, ³University of Tsukuba, Japan
• A strategy to explore the target receptor of endocrine disruptors: Estrogen-related receptor ? (ERR?) as a genuine acceptor of Bisphenol A
  Ayami Matsushima and Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
  ? Kyushu University, Japan
• What is better experimental design for in vitro comet assay to detect chemical genotoxicity?
  Yu F. Sasaki¹, Takanori Nakamura²??and Satomi Kawaguchi^1,3
  ? ¹Hachinohe National College of Technology, ²Himeji Dokkyo University, ³Fuji Biomedix Co., Ltd., Japan
• Comparative evaluation of cosmetic formulations with different alternative methods for eye irritation
  Andreas Heppenheimer¹, Albrecht Poth¹, Rolf Fautz²?and Anne Fuchs²
  ? ¹RCC Cytotest Cell Research GmbH, ²KPSS - KAO Professional Salon Services GmbH, Germany
• Preliminary study on neutral red uptake assay as an alternative method for eye irritation test
  Xingfen Yang¹, Wengai Zhang^1,2, Ying Yang², Xikun Xiong¹, Xiaoping Xie¹??and Xiaohua Tan¹
  ? ¹Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, ²Sun Yat-sen University, China
• Establishment and use of 3t3 NRU assay for assessment of phototoxic hazard of cosmetic products
  Ying Yanga¹, Xikun Xiong¹, Xinfen Yang¹, Junming Huan¹, Xiaohua Tan¹, Xiaoping Xie¹,
  ? Huisheng Zheng¹, Qing Li¹??and Xiwen He²
  ? ¹Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, ²Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China, China
• Bhas42 cell transformation assay as a predictor of carcinogenicity
  Albrecht Poth Andreas Heppenheimer and Susanne Bohnenberger
  ? RCC Cytotest Cells Research GmbH, Germany
• ECVAM key area topical toxicity: Update on activities
  Val?rie Zuang, Chantra Eskes, Claudius Griesinger and Thomas Hartung
  ? European Commission, Italy
• Experiences in the development and utilization of an in vitro safety testing program for hair conditioners
  Pushpa Vavilikolanu¹, Catherine Lazaro¹, Greg Mun², Allison Hilberer², Matthew Hyder², Hans Raabe², Rodger Curren²?and Gertrude-Emilia Costin²
  ? ¹Alberto-Culver Company, ²Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., USA
• Protective effect of melatonin on spinal cord damage after gamma irradiation
  Sara Aghazadeh¹, Mahnaz Azarnia¹, Alireza Shirazi², Seied Rabie Mahdavi³??and Bagher Minaee Zangii¹
  ? ¹Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ²Tarbiat Moalem University, ³Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• Does preclinical testing on insects help to predict human myelotoxic potentials?
  Josef Berger
  ? University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
• Evaluation of health risk due to the exposure to endosulfan in the environment
  Melissa Pui Ling Chan, Shinsuke Morisawa, Aki Nakayama and Minoru Yoneda
  ? Kyoto University, Japan
• Responsiveness to painful stimuli in anaesthetised newborn and young animals of varying neurological maturity (wallaby joeys, rat pups and lambs)
  Tamara J. Diesch, David J. Mellor, Craig B. Johnson and Roger G. Lentle
  ? Massey University, New Zealand
• Predicting carcinogenicity in humans: The need to supplement animal-based toxicology
  Mara E. Long
  ? Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Canada
• Systemic testing by the dermal route can be precluded by new non-animal percutaneous absorption strategies
  Kristie Stoick¹, Ken Nitschke²??and Chad Sandusky¹
  ? ¹Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, ²The Dow Chemical Company, USA
• The usage of Daphnia magna as alternative bioobject in ecotoxicology
  Valerii Tonkopii and Irina Iofina
  ? Institute of Limnology, Russia
• Eco-toxicological effect of polycyclic musks for C. elegans
  Taiki Mori¹, Ayako Inokuchi¹, Moritoshi Nihira¹, Ryoko Yamamoto¹, Hiroshi Ishibashi¹, Shinya Kohra², Nobuaki Tominaga³??and Koji Arizono¹
  ?? ¹Prefectural University of Kumamoto, ²Nagasaki University, ⁴Ariake National College of Technology, Japan
• Three Rs achievements in vaccinology
  Coenraad Hendriksen
  ? Netherlands Vaccine Institute and Utrecht University, The Netherlands
• Alternatives to the LD50 assay for botulinum toxin potency testing: Strategies and progress towards refinement, reduction and replacement
  Dorothea Sesardic and Rose Gaines Das
  ? National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK
• 10 years of experience with alternative pyrogen tests (monocyte activation tests)
  Ingo Spreitzer, Bettina L?schner, Christian K. Schneider, Kay-Martin Hanschmann and Thomas Montag
  ? Federal Agency for Sera and Vaccines, Germany
• Alternative methods for animal tests in the quality control of biological products in China
  Zhengming He
  ? National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, China
• The importance of supplier qualification for vendors of materials used in in vitro assays
  Amanda K. Ulrey, Rodger D. Curren and Hans A. Raabe
  ? Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., USA
• Development of defined medium for mouse, monkey and human ES cell culture
  Miho Kusuda Furue¹, Jie Na³, Jamie P. Jackson³, Takamichi Miyazaki², Kei Takada², Hirofumi Suemori²,
  ? Ryu-Ichiro Hata¹, Norio Nakatsuji², Tetsuji Okamoto⁴, J. Denry Sato⁵??and Peter W. Andrews³
  ? ¹Kanagawa Dental College, Japan, ²Kyoto University, Japan, ³The University of Sheffield, UK,
  ? ⁴Hiroshima University, Japan, ⁵Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, USA
• Chromatin remodelling, a novel strategy to expedite the hepatic differentiation of adult bone marrow stem cells in vitro
  Joery De Kock, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers and Sarah Snykers
  ? Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Opening a new field of research in the development of alternative methods?
  Vera Rogiers, Mathieu Vinken, Sarah Snykers, Tom Henkens, Joanna Fraczek, Evelien De Rop, Joery De Kock, Tatyana Doktorova, Aneta Lukaszuk, Dirk Tourw? and Tamara Vanhaecke
  ? Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
• Development of a disposable three-compartment micro-cell culture device for toxicokinetic study in humans and its preliminary evaluation
  Hidenari Nakayama, Hiroshi Kimura, Kikuo Komori, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  University of Tokyo, Japan
• ToxCastTM: Developing predictive signatures for chemical toxicity
  Robert J. Kavlock¹, David J. Dix¹, Keith A. Houck¹, Richard S. Judson², Matt T. Martin¹?and Ann M. Richard¹
  ? ¹US Environmental Protection Agency, ²University of North Carolina, USA
• Impact of systems toxicology on the 3 Rs
  James C. Fuscoe
  ? U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA
• Percellome toxicogenomics project and its possible contribution to 3R?s
  Jun Kanno
  ? National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• In vitro assays for evaluating the cellular responses to DNA damage induced by solar UV
  Tsukasa Matsunaga
  ? Kanazawa University, Japan
• A quantitative in vitro assay to detect biological activity of endotoxin using rabbit peripheral blood
  Masaki Ochiai, Akihiko Yamamoto, Michiyo Kataoka, Hiromi Toyoizumi, Yoshichika Arakawa and Yoshinobu Horiuchi
  ? National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
• A clinically relevant in vitro pyrogen test using a human cell line that have the similar responsiveness to various pyrogens to that of human peripheral blood cells (hPBC)
  Akihiko Yamamoto, Masaki Ochiai, Kazunari Kamachi, Michiyo Kataoka, Hiromi Toyoizumi, Yoshichika Arakawa and Yoshinobu Horiuchi
  ? National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
• Effects of experimental alloys containing indium for dental use in vitro embryotoxicity test
  Koichi Imai and Masaaki Nakamura
  ? Osaka Dental University, Japan
• An advanced in vitro liver tissue model by combination of on-site oxygenation and double-layer coculture with fibroblasts
  Masaki Nishikawa, Nobuhiko Kojima, Takatoki Yamamoto, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  ? University of Tokyo, Japan
• Liver cells culture on three-dimensional micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane surfaces
  Fanny Evenou, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  ? University of Tokyo, Japan
• Development of the alternative method for renal drug excretion using Xenopus oocyte expression system combined with a high throughput method, OOCYTEXPRESS?
  Naoko Ohtsu¹, Jun Otomo², Naohiko Anzai³, Takeshi Sakata¹, Promsuk Jutabha¹, Shinichi Narikawa¹,
  ? Toshihito Kadota¹?and Hitoshi Endou^1,3,4
  ? ¹Fuji Biomedix Co., Ltd., ²Hitachi, Ltd., ³Kyorin University, ⁴?J-Pharma Co. Ltd., Japan
• A higher throughput method to the Embryonic Stem cell Test (EST), to detect embryotoxicity in early development
  Annelieke K. Peters, Margino Steemans, Natalie Mesens, Erik Hansen, Geert R. Verheyen, Steven Spanhaak, Werner Coussement and Philippe Vanparys
  ? Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Belgium
• The possibility of the prediction of slimming by in vitro tests combination
  Muneo Tsukiyama¹, Yuko Ito¹, Noriko Nakashima¹, Chinami Urata¹, Masaki Arashima¹, Hidenobu Okumura¹?and Akiyoshi Takada²
  ? ¹NOEVIR, Co. Ltd., ²Osaka University, Japan
• Establishment and characterization of a tracheal epithelial cell line RTEC11 from transgenic rats harboring temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen
  Takeshi Doi¹, Ichiro Takasaki¹, Ri-ichi Takahashi², Masatsugu Ueda², Yoshihisa Suzuki³, Masuo Obinata³?and Yoshiaki Tabuchi¹
  ? ¹University of Toyama, ²The YS Institute, Inc., ³Tohoku University, Japan
• Development of an effective three dimensional fabrication technique using inkjet technology
  for tissue model samples
  Chizuka Henmi¹, Makoto Nakamura^1,2, Yuichi Nishiyama¹, Kumiko Yamaguchi², Shuichi Mochizuki³,
  ? Koki Takiura⁴?and Hidemoto Nakagawa^{1
  1}Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, ²Tokyo Medical and Dental University, ³Osaka Institute of Technology, ⁴Yamagata University, Japan
• Histological study of pseudobranch in Ctenopharyngodon idella
  Gholamreza Hamidian and Naeem Alboghobeish
  ? Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
• Initial study on the safety test using the planarian regeneration
  Sakiko Okumura and Yasuhiko Kobayashi
  ? Shiga-prefectural Yokaichi High School, Japan
• HL-60 ATP assay for predicting rat oral toxicity study
  Yumiko Iwase and Naohisa Tsutsui
  ? Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Japan
• Thought before action?What do the public and others really want to know?
  Jon Richmond
  ? Home Office, UK
• Severity assessment ? The New Zealand experience and perspective
  A.C. David Bayvel, Linda A. Carsons and Kate E. Littin
  ? Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, New Zealand
• Categories of invasiveness?A precautionary approach
  Gilly Griffin, Maryse Dansereau and Cl?ment Gauthier
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• Attitudes to severity assessment in Japan
  Takatoshi Kuhara
  ? Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
• Animal welfare and ISO?the International Organisation for Standardization
  Jon Richmond
  ? Home Office, UK
• The role of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in the development of international standards for laboratory animal welfare
  Sarah Kahn
  ? World Organisation for Animal Health, France
• Setting global standards for animal welfare monitoring of external contractors
  Lars F. Mikkelsen, Helle N. Hansen, Lise Holst and Jan L. Ottesen
  ? Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
• A global vision for laboratory animal medicine
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine, USA
• Practical consideration of 3Rs? reduction principle in a private sector CRO on Taiwan
  Hans Hsienchuan Chen, Chengnan Yang, Wenchi Jian and Sewfen Leu
  ? Greenseasons Biotech Co., Ltd., Taiwan
• The past to present animal use and current animal protection law in Taiwan
  Hans Hsienchuan Chen
  ? BitotechPath Consulting, Ltd., Taiwan
• Animal care and use programs: Global harmonization through alternatives
  Kathryn Bayne
  ? AAALAC International, USA
• Necessity of world annual report and country's ranking in commitment to 3Rs; A novel proposition
  Fatemeh Heidary¹, Reza Gharebaghi¹, Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi², Amir Dibaei³??and Hasan Ghasemi²
  ?? ¹Middle East Breast Cancer Institute, ²Shahed University, Medical School, ³Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• The 3 ?R?s approach to marine biotoxin testing in the UK
  Ngaire Dennison and David B. Anderson
  ? Animals (Scientific Procedures) Inspectorate, UK
• Incentives and impediments to adopting alternative shellfish testing methods in Canada
  Allison Guy and Gilly Griffin
  ? Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• The European partnership for alternative approaches to animal testing
  Charles Laroche¹, Georgette Lalis²?and Cornelis Brekelmans²
  ?? ¹Unilever, ²European Commission, Belgium
• Implementation of the 3Rs in European regulation? activities of Working Group 4 of the European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: I. Impact of liability issues and the precautionary principle, II. Evaluation of statistical reporting for measuring the uptake of 3Rs in regulatory testing
  Julia Scheel¹?and Cornelis Brekelmans²
  ?? ¹Henkel KGaA, Germany, ²European Commission, DG ENTR, Belgium
• Overview of the test requirements in the area of food and feed safety
  Daniela Maurici¹, Susan Barlow², Diane Benford², Erik Dybing², Marlies Halder²?, Susanna Louhimies², Marcelle Holloway², Antonio Lacerda², Alberto Mantovani², Otto Meyer²?, Iona Pratt², David Morton², Willem Seinen², Horst Spielmann²?and Pierre Le Neindre²
  ? ¹EFSA, ²Working group of the EFSA's Scientific Committee on the Welfare of the
  ? Experimental Animals, Italy
• Underreporting of the three Rs deployment that occurs during the planning of protocols that precedes their submission to animal ethics committees
  David J. Mellor¹, John C. Schofield²?and Virginia M. Williams³
  ? ¹Massey University, ²Otago University, ³Mt Admiral, New Zealand
• Risk assessment in animal welfare?EFSA approach
  Christine M?eller-Graf¹, Denise Candiani², Sara Barbieri², Oriol Rib?², Ana Afonso², Elisa Aiassa², Per Have², Sandra Correia², Fabrizio De Massis², Thomasz Grudnik²?and Jordi Serratosa²
  ? ¹Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany, ²European Food Safety Authority, Europe
• The extended 1-generation study (OECD 415), as a replacement of the mammalian 2-generation
  study (OECD 416)
  Horst Spielmann and Richard Vogel
  ? National Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments,
  ? Germany
• Alternative testing?The intelligent way to REACH compliance
  Albrecht Poth and Martina Jaeger
  ? RCC Cytotest Cells Research GmbH, Germany
• Legislation of animal use?Developments in Europe
  Bert van Zutphen
  ? Utrecht University, The Netherlands