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Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Alternatives & Animal Use in the Life Sciences

Tokyo, Japan March 31, 2008
Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (JSAAE)

All files are in PDF format and require Adobe Acrobat Reader.

• Cover
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• Author Index
• Professor W.M.S. Russell (1925?2006): Doyen of the Three Rs
  Michael Balls,
  FRAME, Russell & Burch House, UK
• Three Rs in mutation research?From in vivo to in silico evaluation
  Makoto Hayashi
  National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• Exploring new approaches to assess safety without animal testing
  Julia Fentem, Paul Carmichael, Gavin Maxwell, Camilla Pease, Fiona Reynolds, Guy Warner and Carl Westmoreland
  Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, UK
• Alternative research and practice supported by international veterinary professionals
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine, USA
• The science of alternatives: 25 years and tomorrow
  Alan M. Goldberg
  The Johns Hopkins University, USA
• A UK example of balanced inquiry into the ethics of animal experimentation
  Baroness Perry of Southwark
  Nuffield Council on Bioethics Working Party and University of Surrey, UK
• Mission and accomplishments of ZEBET, the national centre for alternatives in Germany at the BfR (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment)
  Horst Spielmann, Barbara Grune, Manfred Liebsch Andrea Seiler and Richard Vogel
  National Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments, Germany
• Standards for the rearing environment of laboratory animals in the United States
  Kathryn Bayne
  AAALAC International, USA
• Standards of accommodation and care for animals used in scientific procedures in Europe
  David B. Anderson
  Animals (Scientific Procedures) Inspectorate, UK
• The standards of the rearing environment for laboratory animals in Japan
  Hiroo Hachisu
   Nihon University, Japan
• Animal rights in Islam
  Reza Gharebaghi, Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi, Hasan Ghasemi, Amir Dibaei and Fatemeh Heidary
  Middle East Breast Cancer Institute, Shahed University, Medical School, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• An investigation in the use of forage grains for laboratory rats
  Michael Rowntree
  Covance Laboratories Ltd., UK
• Collaboration between academia and industry with focus on improvement of the welfare of both animals and humans in laboratory animal facilities
  Jan Lund Ottesen, Lars Friis Mikkelsen, Thomas Bertelsen, Thomas Krohn, Sten Velschow, Jann Hau, Henrik Mllegaard, Nils Dragsted and Axel Kornerup Hansen
  Novo Nordisk A/S, LEO Pharma, University of Copenhagen, Lundbeck A/S, Scanbur A/S, Denmark
• A holistic approach to taking research animal suffering seriously
  Martin L. Stephens and Kathleen Conlee
  The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Fetal 'awareness' and 'pain': What precautions should be taken to safeguard fetal welfare during experiments?
  David James Mellor, Tamara Johanna Diesch, Alistair Jan Gunn and Laura Bennet
  Massey University, University of Auckland, New Zealand
• The development of a national guideline to promote the wellbeing of animals used for scientific purposes
  Elizabeth Grant, David Adams, Steve Atkinson, Simon Bain, Mary Bate, Lynda Bonning, Wendy Fahy, Denise Noonan and Margaret Rose
  National Health & Medical Research Council, Australia
• Tramadol minimizes potential pain during post-oophorectomy in Wistar rats
  Maria Angelica Guzman-Silva, Carlos Eduardo Pollastri, Jose Augusto Soares Pantaleo, Ana Carolina Bergmann de Carvalho, Helene Nara Henriques, Natersia Rosa Camara, Juliana Tomaz Pacheco and Gilson Teles Boaventura
  Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
• Does distress matter?
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academies, USA
• Innovative refinements to anaesthesia techniques can deliver pain research without pain
  Craig Brian Johnson, Jo Murrell, Troy John Gibson and David James Mellor
  Massey University, University of Bristol, New Zealand
• Why does carbon dioxide produce analgesia?
  Ken-ichi Otsuguro, Sumiko Yasutake, Yoshihiko Yamaji, Masaaki Ban, Toshio Ohta and Shigeo Ito
  Hokkaido University, Japan
• Implementation of permanent group housing for cynomolgus macaques on a large scale
  for regulatory toxicology studies
  Janet L. Kelly
  Covance Laboratories Ltd., UK
• Chimpanzees in research and testing worldwide: Overview, oversight and applicable laws
  Kathleen M. Conlee
  The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Chimpanzee experiments: Questionable contributions to biomedical progress
  Andrew Knight
  Animal Consultants International, UK
• Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor human utility
  Andrew Knight
  Animal Consultants International, UK
• Promoting consideration of the ethical aspects of animal use and implementation of the 3Rs
  Barney T. Reed and Maggy Jennings
  RSPCA, UK
• Effect of policy decisions on experimental animal use in the UK
  Derek J. Fry
  Animals Scientific Procedures Inspectorate, Home Office, UK
• Genetically modified animals in the biomedical sciences: The challenge of rapid advances & ethical demands
  Margaret Rose , Elizabeth Grant and David Adams
  University of New South Wales, National Health & Medical Research Council, Australia
• Pain-free animals: An acceptable refinement?
  Renee M. Gardner and Alan M. Goldberg
  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
• Facilitation of an international approach for data sharing and acquisition in relation to genetically-engineered animals
  Gilly Griffin and Cl?ment Gauthier
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• The institutional animal care committee: Keystone of international harmonization
  Clment Gauthier
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• A review of trends in animal use in the United States (1972 ? 2006)
  Jodie Kulpa-Eddy, Margaret Snyder and William Stokes
  U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USA
• Does regulation drive, manage or monitor change?
  Jon Richmond
  Home Office, UK
• An analysis of reporting pain and distress recognition and alleviation in scientific journal publications
  Leah M. Gomez and Kathleen M. Conlee
  The Humane Society of the United States, USA
• Japanese concept and government policy on animal welfare and animal experiments
  Katsuhiko Shoji
  Toyo University, Japan
• Guidelines for proper conduct of animal experiments by the Science Council of Japan
  Hideaki Karaki
  Science Council of Japan, Japan
• Research animals for scientific purposes in Thailand: Ethics & policies
  Pattamarat Kunjara and Pradon Chatikavanij
  The National Research Council of Thailand, Thailand
• Public participation in decisions relating to the use of animals for scientific purposes: A review of 20 years
  experience in Australia
  Margaret Rose, Lynette Chave and Peter Johnson
  University of New South Wales, Australia
• Public participation in informed decision-making on animal use in Canada
  Clment Gauthier and Gilly Griffin
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• AALAS resources and programs supporting the 3Rs and humane concepts in animal research
  Nicole E. Duffee and Ann T. Turner
  American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, USA
• Is it possible to meet the learning objectives of undergraduate pharmacology classes with non-animal models?
  David Dewhurst
  University of Edinburgh, UK
• Humane teaching methods prove efficacious within veterinary and other biomedical education
  Andrew Knight
  Animal Consultants International, UK
• Role of simulator in surgical blood pressure
  Nimgulkar Chetan Chandrakant, Patil Savita Dattatray and Surana Sanjay
   R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, India
• Outreach, alternatives awareness and replacement in Russia
  Elena Maroueva and Nick Jukes
  InterNICHE-Russia & VITA, Russia, InterNICHE, Leicester, England, England
• Three Rs in the research and education system of Pakistan: Perspectives and possibilities
  Hafsa Zaneb and Christian Stanek
  Veterinary Medicine University, Austria
• A prototype software to sensitize medical undergraduate students to animal research methodology
  Ramasamy Raveendran
  Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, India
• A new model for developing computer-based alternatives to using animals in tertiary education
  David Dewhurst, Stewart Cromar and Rachel Ellaway
  University of Edinburgh, UK
• BioSafaris: A rationale for educational software on human biology and health in pre-college as an alternative to dissection
  Lynette A. Hart, Mary W. Wood, David Wiley, Bernd Hamann, Marco Molinaro, Stuart Meyers1, Frazier T. Stevenson and William A. Storm
  University of California, Davis,Stratovan Corporation, Davis Joint Unified School District, Davis, USA
• From policy to practice: Illustrating the viability of full replacement
  Siri Martinsen and Nick Jukes
  InterNICHE Norway, Norway, InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK
• Education and training system in Japanese research laboratories in a global pharmaceutical company
  Makoto Suzuki
  Ina Research Inc., Japan
• Future alternatives in 3Rs: Learning from history
  Tohru Inoue and Yukio Kodama
  National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• The effect of the Middle East conflict on the use of animals in training, research and testing in Israel
  Tamir Lousky
  InterNICHE  The International Network for Humane Education, Israel
• Ethically sourced animal cadavers and tissue: Considerations for education and training
  Siri Martinsen  and Nick Jukes
  InterNICHE Norway, Norway, InterNICHE, Leicester, England, England
• Training the animal doctor: Caring as a clinical skill
  Siri Martinsen
   InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• Guidelines for the development of student choice policies regarding dissection in colleges and universities: An ethnographic analysis of faculty and student concerns
  Laura Ducceschi, Lynette A. Hart and Nicole Green
  Animalearn, University of California, Davis, USA
• Facilitating replacement through access to and training in alternatives
  Monika Percic , Nick Jukes and Elena Maroueva
  InterNICHE Alternatives Loan System, Ljutomer, Slovenia, Slovenia, InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, InterNICHE Russia & VITA, Russia
• InterNICHE Humane Education Award: Assessing the international impact
  Nick Jukes and Siri Martinsen
  InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• E-Learning A new tool for the education of young scientists in the humane treatment of experimental animals: A contribution to the 3R
  Nicole Steinberg, Eckhard von Keutz, Jrgen Weis, Gerhard Heldmaier and Cornelia Exner
  University of Marburg, Bayer HealthCare AG, Wuppertal-Aprath, IBF University of Heidelberg, Germany
• Three's a crowd: The 1R of replacement for education and training
  Nick Jukes and Siri Martinsen
  InterNICHE, Leicester, England, UK, InterNICHE Norway, Norway
• CAAT and Altweb: Making 3Rs information and resources available around the world
  Carol J. Howard
  The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), USA
• ANZCCART and our strategies for sharing information
  Geoffrey W. Dandie
  ANZCCART, Australia
• Selecting appropriate animal models and strains: Making the best use of research, information and outreach
  Mary W. Wood and Lynette A. Hart
  University of California, Davis, USA
• Refinement in the literature: Searching for environmental enrichment
  Kristina M. Adams
  Animal Welfare Information Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA
• Web 2.0 and alternatives
  Michael M. Hughes
  Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, USA
• Japanese regulation of laboratory animal care with 3Rs
  Tsutomu M. Kurosawa
  Osaka University Medical School, Japan
• Adopting alternative methods for regulatory testing in Canada
  Allison Guy, Clment Gauthier and Gilly Griffin
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• Multimedia software for demonstrating animal experiments in pharmacology
  Chandragouda R. Patil
  R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, India
• U.S. perspective on the ?consideration of alternatives regulatory requirement
  Jodie Kulpa-Eddy and Kristina Adams
  Animal Welfare Information Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA
• Update on the Colipa research programme for development of in vitro alternative methods
  for eye irritation
  Pauline McNamee, Lieve Declercq, Ann De Smedt, Bart De Wever, Claudine Faller, John Harbell, Penny Jones, Monique Marrec-Fairley, Wolfgang Pape, Uwe Pfannenbecker, Klaus Schroeder, Magalie Tailhardat, Christine Van den Berghe and Freddy Van Goethem
  Procter & Gamble Company, UK, Estee-Lauder Companies, Belgium, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Germany, Phenion, Switzerland, Procter & Gamble Cosmital, USA, Mary Kay Inc., UK, Unilever, Belgium, COLIPA, Germany, Beiersdorf, Germany, Henkel, France, LVMH, France, LOreal, Belgium
• The use of the reconstructed Human Corneal Model (HCE) to assess in vitro eye irritancy of chemicals
  Jos Cotovio, Marie-Hlne Grandidier, Damien Lelivre, Christelle Bremond, Nicole Flamand, Sophie Loisel-Joubert, Aline Van Der Lee, Christophe Capallere, Jean-Roch Meunier and Jacques Leclaire
  LOral Research, LOral Safety Evaluation, SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• In vitro acute skin irritancy of chemicals using the validated EPISKIN model in a tiered strategy
  Results and performances with 184 cosmetic ingredients
  Jos Cotovio, Marie-Hlne Grandidier, Damien Lelivre, Roland Roguet, Estelle Tinois-Tessoneaud and Jacques Leclaire
  LOral Research, SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• Comparison of human skin irritation and photo-irritation patch test data with cellular in vitro assays and animal in vivo data
  Dagmar Jirova, Manfred Liebsch, David Basketter, Erin Spiller, Kristina Kejlova, Hana Bendova, Marie Marriott and Helena Kandarova
  National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic,ZEBET, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany, St Thomas Hospital, UK,
  MatTek Corporation, USA, Unilever Colworth Laboratory, UK
• BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assays for the assessment of chemical carcinogenicity
  Ayako Sakai
  National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• The COLIPA strategy for the development of in vitro alternatives: Skin sensitisation
  Pierre Aeby, Takao Ashikaga, Walter Diembeck, Dietmar Eschrich, Frank Gerberick, Ian Kimber,
   Monique Marrec-Fairley, Gavin Maxwell, Jean-Marc Ovigne, Hitoshi Sakaguchi, Magalie Tailhardat and Silvia Teissier
  Procter & Gamble, Switzerland, Shiseido Research Centre, Japan, Beiersdorf, Germany, Phenion GMBH (Henkel), Germany, Procter & Gamble, USA,
  Syngenta, Central Toxicology Laboratory, UK, COLIPA, Belgium, Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, UK, LOreal Recherche, France,
  Kao Corporation, Japan, LVMH Recherche, UK
• Application of a systems biology approach for skin allergy risk assessment
  Gavin Maxwell and Cameron MacKay
  Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, UK
• The EPISKIN Phototoxicity Assay (EPA): Development of an in vitro tiered strategy to predict phototoxic potential
  Damien Lelivre, Pascale Justine, Franois Christiaens, Nicole Bonaventure, Julie Coutet,
  Laurent Marrot, Estelle Tinois-Tessonneaud and Jos Cotovio
  LOral Research, SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of selected nanoparticles using human skin fibroblasts
  Fin Dechsakulthorn, Amanda Hayes, Shahnaz Bakand, Lucky Joeng and Chris Winder
  The University of New South Wales, Australia
• Genotoxicity assays with Episkin, a reconstructed skin model: Towards new tools for in vitro risk assessment of dermally applied compounds?
  Gladys Oudraogo, Michelle Feltes, Linda Bourouf, Nicole Flamand, Estelle Tinois-Tessoneaud and Jean-Roch Meunier
  LOral Safety Research Department, SkinEthic Laboratories, France
• Percutaneous absorption test A case of effectiveness evaluation of skin-whitening cosmetics
  Tooru Koike, Noriko Nakashima, Chinami Urata, Masaki Arashima, Hidenobu Okumura and Akiyoshi Takada
  NOEVIR, Co. Ltd., Osaka University, Japan
• Monocyte derived dendritic cells as a tool to predict skin sensitization: Limitations and opportunities
  Dietmar Eschrich, Ursula Engels, Julia Scheel and Klausrudolf Schroeder
  Phenion GmbH & Co.KG, Henkel KGaA, Corporate SHE and Product Safety/Human Safety Assessment, Germany
• Study on the prediction of human lip irritation from cosmetics materials using HeLa-MTT assay
  Miyuki Morinaga, Kenta Shingaki, Tatsumi Mori and Koji Yanagihara
  NOEVIR Co., Ltd., Japan
• Assessment of the in vitro skin irritation of chemicals using the Vitrolife-Skin? human skin model
  Noriyuki Morikawa, Tatsuya Kitagawa and Kenji Tomihata
  GUNZE Ltd., Japan
• Validation of alternative endpoints for the LLNA: General considerations
  Silvia Casati
  ECVAM, IHCP, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Italy
• Validation studies on an alternative endpoint for the local lymph node assay (LLNA-DA): Importance of study management
  Takashi Omori, Yoshiaki Ikarashi, Yukiko Kanazawa, Kenji Idehara, Hajime Kojima, Takashi Sozu, Kazunori Arima, Hirohiko Goto, Tomohiko Hanada, Taketo Inoda, Tadashi Kosaka, Eiji Maki, Takashi Morimoto, Shinsuke Shinoda, Naoki Shinoda, Masahiro Takeyoshi, Masashi Tanaka, Mamoru Uratani, Masahito Usami, Atsushi Yamanaka, Tomofumi Yoneda, Isao Yoshimura and Atsuko Yuasa
  Kyoto University, National Institute of Health Sciences, Food and Drug Safety Center, Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka University, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Nakano Seiyaku Co. Ltd., Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs and Pesticides,
  Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Drug Safety Testing Center Co. Ltd., Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute,
  Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd., Hoyu Co. Ltd., Pias Corporation, Toaeiyo Ltd., Tokyo University of Science, Fuji Film Co. Ltd., Japan
• Alternative application route in the LLNA provides crucial environmental enrichment and broadens the usability of vehicles
  Ulla Festersen, Christine Rasmussen, Tanja M.R. Kjaer, Nanna K. Soni, Erwin L. Roggen and Ninna W. Berg
  Novozymes A/S, Denmark
• In vitro hepatotoxicity testing in the early phase of drug discovery
  Ikuo Horii and Hiroshi Yamada
  Pfizer Global Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Japan
• Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism and toxicity: Linking animal research and risk assessment in man
  Tetsuo Satoh
  Chiba University and HAB Research Institute, Japan
• Renal drug transporters and nephrotoxicity
  Naohiko Anzai and Hitoshi Endou
  Kyorin University School of Medicine, J-Pharma Co. Ltd., Japan
• Cisplatin-induced renal injury in LLC-PK1 cells
  Yoshiko Kawai and Munekazu Gemba
  Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Japan
• Predictive in vitro cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity screening system using neonatal rat heart cells and rat hepatocytes
  Tomoaki Inoue, Kenji Tanaka, Masayuki Mishima and Kazuto Watanabe
  Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
• Toxicological and clinical computational analysis by the Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff of the US FDA/CDER
  Daniel R. Benz, Edwin J. Matthews, Naomi L. Kruhlak, Anna A. Frid, Barbara L. Minnier and Joseph F. Contrera
  US Food and Drug Administration, USA
• Evaluation of (Q)SAR models for the prediction of mutagenicity potential
  Stephanie Ringeissen, Reine Note, Catherine Dochez, Nicole Flamand, Gladys Ouedraogo-Arras and Jean-Roch Meunier
  LOral Recherche, France
• Internationally harmonized processes for test method evaluation, validation and regulatory acceptance:
  The role of OECD guidance document 34
  Leonard M. Schechtman
  Innovative Toxicology Consulting, LLC, USA
• JaCVAM: An organization supporting the validation and peer review of new alternatives to animal testing
  Hajime Kojima
  National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• A new signaling pathway of dioxin receptor ligands through targeted protein degradation
  Shigeaki Kato, Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama and Fumiaki Ohtake
  ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, University of Tokyo, University of Tsukuba, Japan
• A strategy to explore the target receptor of endocrine disruptors: Estrogen-related receptor ? (ERR?) as a genuine acceptor of Bisphenol A
  Ayami Matsushima and Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
  Kyushu University, Japan
• What is better experimental design for in vitro comet assay to detect chemical genotoxicity?
  Yu F. Sasaki, Takanori Nakamura and Satomi Kawaguchi
  Hachinohe National College of Technology, Himeji Dokkyo University, Fuji Biomedix Co., Ltd., Japan
• Comparative evaluation of cosmetic formulations with different alternative methods for eye irritation
  Andreas Heppenheimer, Albrecht Poth, Rolf Fautz and Anne Fuchs
  RCC Cytotest Cell Research GmbH, KPSS - KAO Professional Salon Services GmbH, Germany
• Preliminary study on neutral red uptake assay as an alternative method for eye irritation test
  Xingfen Yang, Wengai Zhang, Ying Yang, Xikun Xiong, Xiaoping Xie and Xiaohua Tan
  Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, China
• Establishment and use of 3t3 NRU assay for assessment of phototoxic hazard of cosmetic products
  Ying Yanga, Xikun Xiong, Xinfen Yang, Junming Huan, Xiaohua Tan, Xiaoping Xie,
  Huisheng Zheng, Qing Li and Xiwen He
  Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China, China
• Bhas42 cell transformation assay as a predictor of carcinogenicity
  Albrecht Poth Andreas Heppenheimer and Susanne Bohnenberger
  RCC Cytotest Cells Research GmbH, Germany
• ECVAM key area topical toxicity: Update on activities
  Valrie Zuang, Chantra Eskes, Claudius Griesinger and Thomas Hartung
  European Commission, Italy
• Experiences in the development and utilization of an in vitro safety testing program for hair conditioners
  Pushpa Vavilikolanu, Catherine Lazaro, Greg Mun, Allison Hilberer, Matthew Hyder, Hans Raabe, Rodger Curren and Gertrude-Emilia Costin
  Alberto-Culver Company, Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., USA
• Protective effect of melatonin on spinal cord damage after gamma irradiation
  Sara Aghazadeh, Mahnaz Azarnia, Alireza Shirazi, Seied Rabie Mahdavi and Bagher Minaee Zangii
  Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Moalem University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• Does preclinical testing on insects help to predict human myelotoxic potentials?
  Josef Berger
  University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
• Evaluation of health risk due to the exposure to endosulfan in the environment
  Melissa Pui Ling Chan, Shinsuke Morisawa, Aki Nakayama and Minoru Yoneda
  Kyoto University, Japan
• Responsiveness to painful stimuli in anaesthetised newborn and young animals of varying neurological maturity (wallaby joeys, rat pups and lambs)
  Tamara J. Diesch, David J. Mellor, Craig B. Johnson and Roger G. Lentle
  Massey University, New Zealand
• Predicting carcinogenicity in humans: The need to supplement animal-based toxicology
  Mara E. Long
  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Canada
• Systemic testing by the dermal route can be precluded by new non-animal percutaneous absorption strategies
  Kristie Stoick, Ken Nitschke and Chad Sandusky
  Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, The Dow Chemical Company, USA
• The usage of Daphnia magna as alternative bioobject in ecotoxicology
  Valerii Tonkopii and Irina Iofina
  Institute of Limnology, Russia
• Eco-toxicological effect of polycyclic musks for C. elegans
  Taiki Mori, Ayako Inokuchi, Moritoshi Nihira, Ryoko Yamamoto, Hiroshi Ishibashi, Shinya Kohra, Nobuaki Tominaga and Koji Arizono
  Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Nagasaki University, Ariake National College of Technology, Japan
• Three Rs achievements in vaccinology
  Coenraad Hendriksen
  Netherlands Vaccine Institute and Utrecht University, The Netherlands
• Alternatives to the LD50 assay for botulinum toxin potency testing: Strategies and progress towards refinement, reduction and replacement
  Dorothea Sesardic and Rose Gaines Das
  National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK
• 10 years of experience with alternative pyrogen tests (monocyte activation tests)
  Ingo Spreitzer, Bettina L?schner, Christian K. Schneider, Kay-Martin Hanschmann and Thomas Montag
  Federal Agency for Sera and Vaccines, Germany
• Alternative methods for animal tests in the quality control of biological products in China
  Zhengming He
  National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, China
• The importance of supplier qualification for vendors of materials used in in vitro assays
  Amanda K. Ulrey, Rodger D. Curren and Hans A. Raabe
  Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., USA
• Development of defined medium for mouse, monkey and human ES cell culture
  Miho Kusuda Furue, Jie Na, Jamie P. Jackson, Takamichi Miyazaki, Kei Takada, Hirofumi Suemori,
  Ryu-Ichiro Hata, Norio Nakatsuji, Tetsuji Okamoto, J. Denry Sato and Peter W. Andrews
  Kanagawa Dental College, Japan, Kyoto University, Japan, The University of Sheffield, UK,
  Hiroshima University, Japan, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, USA
• Chromatin remodelling, a novel strategy to expedite the hepatic differentiation of adult bone marrow stem cells in vitro
  Joery De Kock, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers and Sarah Snykers
  Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Opening a new field of research in the development of alternative methods?
  Vera Rogiers, Mathieu Vinken, Sarah Snykers, Tom Henkens, Joanna Fraczek, Evelien De Rop, Joery De Kock, Tatyana Doktorova, Aneta Lukaszuk, Dirk Tourw and Tamara Vanhaecke
  Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
• Development of a disposable three-compartment micro-cell culture device for toxicokinetic study in humans and its preliminary evaluation
  Hidenari Nakayama, Hiroshi Kimura, Kikuo Komori, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  University of Tokyo, Japan
• ToxCastTM: Developing predictive signatures for chemical toxicity
  Robert J. Kavlock, David J. Dix, Keith A. Houck, Richard S. Judson, Matt T. Martin and Ann M. Richard
  US Environmental Protection Agency, University of North Carolina, USA
• Impact of systems toxicology on the 3 Rs
  James C. Fuscoe
  U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA
• Percellome toxicogenomics project and its possible contribution to 3R?s
  Jun Kanno
  National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
• In vitro assays for evaluating the cellular responses to DNA damage induced by solar UV
  Tsukasa Matsunaga
  Kanazawa University, Japan
• A quantitative in vitro assay to detect biological activity of endotoxin using rabbit peripheral blood
  Masaki Ochiai, Akihiko Yamamoto, Michiyo Kataoka, Hiromi Toyoizumi, Yoshichika Arakawa and Yoshinobu Horiuchi
  National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
• A clinically relevant in vitro pyrogen test using a human cell line that have the similar responsiveness to various pyrogens to that of human peripheral blood cells (hPBC)
  Akihiko Yamamoto, Masaki Ochiai, Kazunari Kamachi, Michiyo Kataoka, Hiromi Toyoizumi, Yoshichika Arakawa and Yoshinobu Horiuchi
  National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
• Effects of experimental alloys containing indium for dental use in vitro embryotoxicity test
  Koichi Imai and Masaaki Nakamura
  Osaka Dental University, Japan
• An advanced in vitro liver tissue model by combination of on-site oxygenation and double-layer coculture with fibroblasts
  Masaki Nishikawa, Nobuhiko Kojima, Takatoki Yamamoto, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  University of Tokyo, Japan
• Liver cells culture on three-dimensional micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane surfaces
  Fanny Evenou, Teruo Fujii and Yasuyuki Sakai
  University of Tokyo, Japan
• Development of the alternative method for renal drug excretion using Xenopus oocyte expression system combined with a high throughput method, OOCYTEXPRESS?
  Naoko Ohtsu, Jun Otomo, Naohiko Anzai, Takeshi Sakata, Promsuk Jutabha, Shinichi Narikawa,
  Toshihito Kadota and Hitoshi Endou^,
  Fuji Biomedix Co., Ltd., Hitachi, Ltd., Kyorin University, J-Pharma Co. Ltd., Japan
• A higher throughput method to the Embryonic Stem cell Test (EST), to detect embryotoxicity in early development
  Annelieke K. Peters, Margino Steemans, Natalie Mesens, Erik Hansen, Geert R. Verheyen, Steven Spanhaak, Werner Coussement and Philippe Vanparys
  Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Belgium
• The possibility of the prediction of slimming by in vitro tests combination
  Muneo Tsukiyama, Yuko Ito, Noriko Nakashima, Chinami Urata, Masaki Arashima, Hidenobu Okumura and Akiyoshi Takada
  NOEVIR, Co. Ltd., ²Osaka University, Japan
• Establishment and characterization of a tracheal epithelial cell line RTEC11 from transgenic rats harboring temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen
  Takeshi Doi, Ichiro Takasaki, Ri-ichi Takahashi, Masatsugu Ueda, Yoshihisa Suzuki, Masuo Obinata and Yoshiaki Tabuchi
  University of Toyama, The YS Institute, Inc., Tohoku University, Japan
• Development of an effective three dimensional fabrication technique using inkjet technology
  for tissue model samples
  Chizuka Henmi, Makoto Nakamura, Yuichi Nishiyama, Kumiko Yamaguchi, Shuichi Mochizuki,
  Koki Takiura and Hidemoto Nakagawa
  Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Osaka Institute of Technology, Yamagata University, Japan
• Histological study of pseudobranch in Ctenopharyngodon idella
  Gholamreza Hamidian and Naeem Alboghobeish
  Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
• Initial study on the safety test using the planarian regeneration
  Sakiko Okumura and Yasuhiko Kobayashi
  Shiga-prefectural Yokaichi High School, Japan
• HL-60 ATP assay for predicting rat oral toxicity study
  Yumiko Iwase and Naohisa Tsutsui
  Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Japan
• Thought before action?What do the public and others really want to know?
  Jon Richmond
  Home Office, UK
• Severity assessment  The New Zealand experience and perspective
  A.C. David Bayvel, Linda A. Carsons and Kate E. Littin
  Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, New Zealand
• Categories of invasiveness A precautionary approach
  Gilly Griffin, Maryse Dansereau and Cl?ment Gauthier
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• Attitudes to severity assessment in Japan
  Takatoshi Kuhara
  Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
• Animal welfare and ISO?the International Organisation for Standardization
  Jon Richmond
  Home Office, UK
• The role of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in the development of international standards for laboratory animal welfare
  Sarah Kahn
  World Organisation for Animal Health, France
• Setting global standards for animal welfare monitoring of external contractors
  Lars F. Mikkelsen, Helle N. Hansen, Lise Holst and Jan L. Ottesen
  Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
• A global vision for laboratory animal medicine
  Judy MacArthur Clark
  International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine, USA
• Practical consideration of 3Rs reduction principle in a private sector CRO on Taiwan
  Hans Hsienchuan Chen, Chengnan Yang, Wenchi Jian and Sewfen Leu
  Greenseasons Biotech Co., Ltd., Taiwan
• The past to present animal use and current animal protection law in Taiwan
  Hans Hsienchuan Chen
  BitotechPath Consulting, Ltd., Taiwan
• Animal care and use programs: Global harmonization through alternatives
  Kathryn Bayne
  AAALAC International, USA
• Necessity of world annual report and country's ranking in commitment to 3Rs; A novel proposition
  Fatemeh Heidary, Reza Gharebaghi, Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi, Amir Dibaei and Hasan Ghasemi
  Middle East Breast Cancer Institute, Shahed University, Medical School, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
• The 3 Rs approach to marine biotoxin testing in the UK
  Ngaire Dennison and David B. Anderson
  Animals (Scientific Procedures) Inspectorate, UK
• Incentives and impediments to adopting alternative shellfish testing methods in Canada
  Allison Guy and Gilly Griffin
  Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada
• The European partnership for alternative approaches to animal testing
  Charles Laroche, Georgette Lalis and Cornelis Brekelmans
  Unilever, European Commission, Belgium
• Implementation of the 3Rs in European regulation activities of Working Group 4 of the European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: I. Impact of liability issues and the precautionary principle, II. Evaluation of statistical reporting for measuring the uptake of 3Rs in regulatory testing
  Julia Scheeland Cornelis Brekelmans
  Henkel KGaA, Germany, European Commission, DG ENTR, Belgium
• Overview of the test requirements in the area of food and feed safety
  Daniela Maurici, Susan Barlow, Diane Benford, Erik Dybing, Marlies Halder, Susanna Louhimies, Marcelle Holloway, Antonio Lacerda, Alberto Mantovani, Otto Meyer, Iona Pratt, David Morton, Willem Seinen, Horst Spielmann and Pierre Le Neindre
  EFSA, Working group of the EFSA's Scientific Committee on the Welfare of the
  Experimental Animals, Italy
• Underreporting of the three Rs deployment that occurs during the planning of protocols that precedes their submission to animal ethics committees
  David J. Mellor, John C. Schofield and Virginia M. Williams
  Massey University, Otago University, Mt Admiral, New Zealand
• Risk assessment in animal welfare?EFSA approach
  Christine M?eller-Graf, Denise Candiani, Sara Barbieri, Oriol Rib, Ana Afonso, Elisa Aiassa, Per Have, Sandra Correia, Fabrizio De Massis, Thomasz Grudnik and Jordi Serratosa
  Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany, European Food Safety Authority, Europe
• The extended 1-generation study (OECD 415), as a replacement of the mammalian 2-generation
  study (OECD 416)
  Horst Spielmann and Richard Vogel
  National Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments,
  Germany
• Alternative testing The intelligent way to REACH compliance
  Albrecht Poth and Martina Jaeger
  RCC Cytotest Cells Research GmbH, Germany
• Legislation of animal use?Developments in Europe
  Bert van Zutphen
  Utrecht University, The Netherlands